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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR
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Trace metal complexation by the triscatecholate siderophore protochelin: structure and stability.

James M Harrington1, John R Bargar, Andrzej A Jarzecki

  • 1Soil Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619, USA.

Biometals : an International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine
|December 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Protochelin, a siderophore, influences trace metal cycling and uptake. It forms stable complexes with iron and manganese, affecting their environmental behavior and biological availability.

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Quantification of Metal Leaching in Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

Published on: January 17, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biogeochemistry
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Siderophores, known for iron uptake, also impact other metal cycling.
  • Protochelin is a triscatecholate siderophore produced by A. vinelandii.
  • Understanding protochelin's interactions with trace metals is crucial for environmental science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the solution chemistry of protochelin.
  • To determine protochelin's complexation with environmentally relevant trace metals (Fe, Mn, Co).
  • To elucidate the impact of protochelin on metal uptake and biogeochemical cycling.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical measurements
  • Spectroscopic analysis
  • Quantum mechanical calculations

Main Results:

  • Protochelin shows low solubility and gradual degradation.
  • Fe(III) and Mn(III) form stable complexes with protochelin, with Mn(II) oxidation facilitated.
  • Co(II) complexation with protochelin leads to redox cycling and accelerated ligand degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Protochelin plays a significant role in the environmental cycling of metals beyond iron.
  • The stability and reactivity of protochelin-metal complexes influence metal bioavailability and toxicity.
  • Catecholate siderophores are key players in environmental trace metal dynamics and intracellular metal release mechanisms.