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Toxic cannabis psychosis is a valid entity.

K Solomons1, V M Neppe, J M Kuyl

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Tvl.

South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
|October 20, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Cannabis (dagga) use was common in Black men with acute psychiatric symptoms. A simple screening test for cannabis metabolites is recommended for diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Toxicology
  • Cannabinoid Research

Background:

  • Investigating the psychiatric role of 'dagga' (cannabis) in South Africa.
  • Assessing the diagnostic value of 'toxic psychosis (dagga)'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of cannabis use in Black men with acute psychiatric symptoms.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cannabis screening tests versus self-reported history.
  • To characterize the clinical presentations of toxic psychosis associated with cannabis.

Main Methods:

  • Urine screening for cannabis metabolites in 100 Black men admitted with acute psychiatric symptoms.
  • Clinical and demographic data collection for all patients.
  • Comparison of dagga-positive and dagga-negative patients, and toxic dagga psychosis patients versus functional psychotics.

Main Results:

  • Cannabinoids were detected in 29% of patients.
  • 31% received a diagnosis of toxic psychosis (dagga).
  • Cannabis screening tests were more sensitive and specific than patient history for detecting dagga use.
  • Toxic dagga psychosis presented heterogeneously, including schizophrenia, paranoia, maniform, and organic psychosis.

Conclusions:

  • Routine screening for cannabis use is supported in this patient population.
  • Cannabis screening tests are valuable diagnostic tools.
  • Toxic dagga psychosis is a syndrome with diverse clinical manifestations.

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