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Related Concept Videos

Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
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Correspondence Bias01:17

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Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
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Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
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Published on: June 5, 2016

The subjective experience of committed errors and the Discrepancy-Attribution hypothesis.

Jürgen Wilbert1, Hilde Haider

  • 1University of Cologne, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Köln, Germany. jwilbert@uni-koeln.de

Acta Psychologica
|December 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Conscious error detection occurs in two stages: first, a discrepancy between expected and actual performance is perceived, then this discrepancy is attributed to an error. This Discrepancy-Attribution hypothesis explains how we become aware of mistakes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Awareness of errors in sequential behavior is inconsistent.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of conscious error detection is crucial for performance monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive processes underlying conscious error detection.
  • To test the Discrepancy-Attribution hypothesis for error awareness.

Main Methods:

  • Participants typed words without visual feedback.
  • Subjects judged the correctness of their typing performance.
  • Four experiments systematically manipulated and assessed discrepancy perception and attribution.

Main Results:

  • Results support the Discrepancy-Attribution hypothesis.
  • Perceived discrepancy between expected and experienced performance is key to error judgment.
  • A distinct attribution process is triggered by performance discrepancies.

Conclusions:

  • Conscious error detection follows a two-stage model.
  • The model involves initial discrepancy detection followed by error attribution.
  • This framework advances our understanding of cognitive control and error monitoring.