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Southern Blot

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...

Labeling DNA Probes

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

The Visual Colorimetric Detection of Multi-nucleotide Polymorphisms on a Pneumatic Droplet Manipulation Platform

The Visual Colorimetric Detection of Multi-nucleotide Polymorphisms on a Pneumatic Droplet Manipulation Platform

Published on: September 27, 2016

Gold-based optical biosensor for single-mismatched DNA detection using salt-induced hybridization.

Zongrui Zhan¹, Xingyi Ma, Cuong Cao

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics

|December 23, 2011

Summary

This study presents a simple, economic gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) method for DNA diagnostics. It accurately detects single-mismatched DNA (MMT) from perfectly matched DNA (PMT) using a colorimetric assay.

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A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis

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Published on: September 10, 2014

Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biotechnology
Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

Sensitive and specific DNA detection is crucial for diagnostics.
Existing methods may lack simplicity, specificity, or cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, sensitive, and specific gold nanoparticle (Au-NP)-based DNA detection method.
To enable accurate discrimination of single-mismatched DNA (MMT) from perfectly matched DNA (PMT).

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a sandwich assay using Au-NPs and Streptavidin-coated MagnetSphere Para-Magnetic Particles (PMPs).
Investigation of hybridization efficiency under varying salt concentrations to optimize DNA discrimination.
Colorimetric signal generation for quantitative analysis via UV-vis spectrophotometry.

Main Results:

The developed method demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for DNA detection.
Optimized salt concentration enabled clear differentiation between MMT and PMT.
Quantitative colorimetric signals were reliably measured using UV-vis spectrophotometry.

Conclusions:

This Au-NP-based strategy offers a simple, economic, and effective approach for DNA diagnostics.
The method facilitates the detection of single-mismatched DNA sequences.
It holds potential for widespread application in diagnostic settings.