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Smallpox eradication in Bangladesh, 1972-1976
Stanley O Foster1, Kenneth Hughes, Daniel Tarantola
1Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. sfoster@emory.edu
Vaccine
|December 23, 2011
Summary
Smallpox eradication in Bangladesh was achieved by adapting global strategies to local challenges, focusing on surveillance and containment. A partnership between citizens, the Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization was essential for success.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Disease Control
Background:
- Smallpox eradication efforts faced significant challenges in Bangladesh, a nation impacted by war.
- Between 1972 and 1975, Bangladesh recorded 225,000 smallpox cases and 45,000 deaths.
Observation:
- The last endemic case of smallpox (Variola Major) in the world was reported in Bangladesh in 1975.
- Global eradication strategies were adapted, focusing on surveillance for early detection and containment to interrupt transmission.
Findings:
- Performance was monitored using three key objectives: timely detection of infected villages, public awareness of reporting rewards, and rapid interruption of transmission.
- Failures in achieving these objectives led to strategy refinement and eventual eradication.
Implications:
- The success highlights the importance of adaptable public health strategies in post-conflict settings.
- A strong tripartite partnership between local communities, national health ministries, and international organizations is crucial for global health initiatives.
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