Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Breaking barriers in extensively drug-resistant TB: pretomanid-centred long regimen achieves cure in a bedaquiline-resistant strain.

IJTLD open·2026

Same author

Rifampicin drug monitoring in TB patients: new evidence for increased dosage?

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·2025

Same author

Appropriateness of treatments for postpartum and post-abortion uterine vascular anomalies.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology·2025

Same author

Management of women with abnormal uterine bleeding: Clinical practice guidelines of the French National College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF).

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology·2023

Same author

Current vision on diagnosis and comprehensive care in hepatic encephalopathy.

Revista de gastroenterologia de Mexico (English)·2023

Same author

Correction to: The MELD Score Is Superior to the Maddrey Discriminant Function Score to Predict Short-Term Mortality in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: A Global Study.

The American journal of gastroenterology·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

Diagnostic approach to persistent hepatic encephalopathy.

R U Macías-Rodríguez¹, A Torre

¹Gastroenterology Department. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City.

Revista De Gastroenterologia De Mexico

|December 23, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is often caused by non-classical factors beyond common triggers. Identifying and managing these factors can improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality in cirrhosis patients.

More Related Videos

Real-Time Dynamic Collection of Hippocampal Extracellular Fluid from Conscious Rats Using a Microdialysis System

Real-Time Dynamic Collection of Hippocampal Extracellular Fluid from Conscious Rats Using a Microdialysis System

Published on: October 21, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

Real-Time Dynamic Collection of Hippocampal Extracellular Fluid from Conscious Rats Using a Microdialysis System

Real-Time Dynamic Collection of Hippocampal Extracellular Fluid from Conscious Rats Using a Microdialysis System

Published on: October 21, 2022

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Gastroenterology
Neurology

Background:

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication of cirrhosis.
It significantly impacts patient quality of life, ranging from mild cognitive deficits to coma.
Persistent HE implies a continuous state without recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the medical literature for evidence on persistent HE.
To identify non-classical factors contributing to the development of persistent HE.

Main Methods:

Literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Pubgle databases.
Articles published from 1966 to January 2011 were included.
Search terms: persistent AND hepatic AND encephalopathy; precipitating factors were recorded.

Main Results:

Common HE triggers include gastrointestinal bleeding, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and high protein intake.
Non-classical factors such as porto-systemic shunts, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, H. pylori infection, and anemia are also implicated.
Addressing these factors can improve HE-related morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

Recognizing non-classical precipitants of HE is crucial.
Understanding these factors provides a basis for managing persistent HE.
Targeting these factors can improve patient outcomes in cirrhosis.