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Related Concept Videos

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
Load along a Single Axis01:29

Load along a Single Axis

In structural engineering, the analysis of beams subjected to varying loads is a critical aspect of understanding the behavior and performance of these structural elements. A common scenario involves a beam subjected to a combination of different load distributions.
Consider a beam of length L subjected to a varying load, which is a combination of parabolic and trapezoidal load distribution along the x-axis. In this case, it is essential to determine the resultant loads, their locations, and...
Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:11

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each material's...
Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings01:17

Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings

Analyzing a supported beam under unsymmetrical loadings is essential in structural engineering to understand how beams respond to varied force distributions. This analysis involves calculating the deflection and identifying points where the slope of the beam is zero, which are crucial for ensuring structural stability and functionality.
The first moment-area theorem determines the slope at any point on the beam. This theorem indicates that the change in slope between two points on a beam...
General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical bending,...

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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

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Published on: June 21, 2018

Using parametric multipoint lods and mods for linkage analysis requires a shift in statistical thinking.

Susan E Hodge1, Zeynep Baskurt, Lisa J Strug

  • 1Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 722 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Human Heredity
|December 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The evidential statistical paradigm offers a robust method for multipoint (MP) linkage analysis, simplifying study design and interpretation by decoupling error probabilities from statistical evidence. This approach ensures reliable whole-genome studies by providing a consistent criterion for evaluating linkage evidence across different datasets and markers.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Statistical genetics
  • Genomic analysis

Background:

  • Multipoint (MP) linkage analysis is crucial for whole-genome studies.
  • Its probability distribution is unknown and varies, complicating significance criteria.
  • Existing methods like simulations or permutation testing are complex alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate the evidential statistical paradigm for MP linkage analysis.
  • To provide a method for planning, conducting, and interpreting MP linkage studies.
  • To decouple statistical evidence from uncertainty (error probabilities).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the evidential statistical paradigm for both known (lod analysis) and unknown (mod analysis) disease models.
  • Calculated error probabilities during the planning stage based on design choices (sample size, LR criterion k).
  • Calculated the likelihood ratio (LR) in the data analysis stage, directly measuring linkage evidence.

Main Results:

  • The evidential paradigm allows for a consistent criterion (k) across all analyses, unlike traditional methods.
  • Theoretical results provide guidelines for MP linkage studies, including error rate comparisons between lods and mods.
  • Simulations confirm low error rates under null and alternative hypotheses for both lods and mods using the evidential approach.

Conclusions:

  • The evidential statistical paradigm provides a coherent and reliable framework for MP linkage studies.
  • It simplifies study design and interpretation by separating evidence from error probabilities.
  • This approach enhances the planning, execution, and evaluation of whole-genome linkage analyses.