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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...

Antidotes

Antidotes

Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...

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Isolation and Purification of Fungal β-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma

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Approach to mushroom intoxication and treatment: can we decrease mortality?

Emel Ahishali¹, Basak Boynuegri, Eyup Ozpolat

¹Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital, Cevizli 34890, Istanbul, Turkey. emelahishali@yahoo.com

Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology

|December 23, 2011

Summary

Wild mushroom intoxication is a significant health concern in Turkey. A comprehensive treatment approach, including diagnosis based on systematic criteria, can effectively reduce mortality rates from mushroom poisoning.

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Isolation and Purification of Fungal β-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma

Isolation and Purification of Fungal β-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma

Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

Toxicology
Clinical Medicine
Public Health

Background:

Mushroom consumption is prevalent in Turkey due to affordability and availability.
Mushroom intoxication poses a significant public health challenge with a high mortality rate in Turkey.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the outcomes of patients diagnosed with wild mushroom intoxication using systematic criteria.
To assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive treatment regimen for mushroom poisoning.

Main Methods:

Retrospective evaluation of 77 patients admitted for mushroom intoxication.
Treatment included gastric lavage, activated charcoal, penicillin G, N-acetyl cysteine, silybin, and hemofiltration.
Collection of demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, along with treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

The study included 77 patients (59.7% female, 40.3% male) with a mean age of 41.94 years.
Common symptoms included nausea and vomiting (4-48 hours), with some patients experiencing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and jaundice.
Seven patients developed acute liver failure; five recovered without transplantation, one died post-transplantation, and one died awaiting transplantation. All other patients recovered.

Conclusions:

Systematic diagnostic criteria and comprehensive treatment are crucial for managing mushroom intoxication.
This approach shows promise in reducing mortality associated with wild mushroom poisoning.