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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration
08:17

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration

Published on: February 27, 2018

Resolving postoperative neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.

Niccolò Terrando1, Lars I Eriksson1,2, Jae Kyu Ryu3

  • 1Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0648.

Annals of Neurology
|December 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...

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This summary is machine-generated.

Surgery-induced inflammation disrupts the blood-brain barrier, leading to cognitive decline. Targeting the cholinergic pathway or inhibiting Ikappa B kinase (IKK)β can prevent this neuroinflammation and preserve cognition.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Acute illness and surgery can cause cognitive decline, particularly in elderly individuals.
  • The innate immune system's inflammatory response to surgery, if unchecked, can lead to multiple organ dysfunction.
  • Understanding how the brain is affected by systemic inflammation and how to resolve it is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which the brain is targeted by the inflammatory response post-surgery.
  • To investigate how postoperative neuroinflammation and cognitive decline can be resolved.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models (C57BL/6J, Ccr2(RFP/+)Cx3cr1(GFP/+), Ikk(F/F), LysM-Cre/Ikk(F/F)) undergoing tibial fracture surgery.
  • Assessed systemic and hippocampal inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and cognitive function.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration
08:17

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration

Published on: February 27, 2018

  • Investigated the resolving effects of the cholinergic pathway on postoperative responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Peripheral surgery disrupts the BBB via tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), promoting macrophage infiltration into the hippocampus.
    • Macrophage-specific deletion of Ikappa B kinase (IKK)β prevented BBB disruption and hippocampal macrophage infiltration.
    • Activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor resolved TNFα-induced NF-κB activation, macrophage migration, and cognitive decline.

    Conclusions:

    • Identified mechanisms for bidirectional communication between the brain and immune system after aseptic trauma.
    • Pivotal molecular targets exist for preventing and resolving postoperative neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.