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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
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Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

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Tumor evasion from T cell surveillance.

Katrin Töpfer1, Stefanie Kempe, Nadja Müller

  • 1Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.

Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology
|December 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The immune system, particularly T cells, normally prevents cancer through immune surveillance. However, tumors develop ways to evade T-cell detection and elimination, promoting cancer progression.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The immune system, especially T cells, is crucial for detecting and eliminating neoplastic cells via immune surveillance.
  • Mechanisms like central tolerance and insufficient costimulation can lead to T-cell unresponsiveness and peripheral tolerance.
  • Tumor burden and genetic instability in cancer cells contribute to immunosuppression and immune evasion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize how tumor cells evade T-cell immune surveillance, focusing on solid tumors.
  • To review strategies for enhancing T-cell-mediated anticancer immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on tumor immune evasion.
  • Analysis of T-cell function and tumor-associated immunosuppressive mechanisms.
  • Identification of therapeutic approaches to bolster anti-tumor T-cell responses.

Main Results:

  • Tumor cells employ various strategies to escape T-cell surveillance, including downregulating antigen presentation and inducing T-cell exhaustion.
  • Inhibitory immune circuits and a large tumor mass create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
  • Genetic instability allows tumors to acquire resistance mechanisms against immune attack.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding tumor immune evasion mechanisms is critical for developing effective cancer immunotherapies.
  • Targeting these evasion strategies can potentially restore and enhance T-cell-mediated anticancer immunity.