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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis01:25

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis01:23

Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis

Bacterial cell walls are typically rigid structures composed mainly of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer that provides mechanical strength and maintains cell shape. The synthesis of peptidoglycan is a crucial process in bacterial growth and serves as a primary target for many antibiotics.Mechanism of Action of Beta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in actively growing cells. These antibiotics share a characteristic four-membered...
Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Production of Antibiotics01:27

Production of Antibiotics

Penicillin, one of the earliest and most widely used antibiotics, is produced industrially by the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Large stirred-tank bioreactors ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands of liters maintain tightly controlled temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen conditions to support fungal metabolism and maximize antibiotic yield. Penicillin is a secondary metabolite, synthesized primarily during the stationary growth phase, which requires a carefully managed...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Fission Yeast as a Platform for Antibacterial Drug Screens Targeting Bacterial Cytoskeleton Proteins
05:57

Fission Yeast as a Platform for Antibacterial Drug Screens Targeting Bacterial Cytoskeleton Proteins

Published on: April 26, 2024

Antibiotics in development targeting protein synthesis.

Joyce A Sutcliffe1

  • 1Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, USA. jsutcliffe@tphase.com

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|December 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

New antibiotics targeting bacterial protein synthesis are in development to combat resistance. Several novel compounds show promise for treating serious infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Fission Yeast as a Platform for Antibacterial Drug Screens Targeting Bacterial Cytoskeleton Proteins
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Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
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Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Atomic-level resolution of antibiotic-ribosomal and antibacterial-protein complexes offers insights into antimicrobial modification.
  • Emerging resistance mechanisms necessitate the development of novel antibiotics with extended spectrum and potency.
  • Fragment-based drug design and novel modifications are key strategies for overcoming antibiotic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review promising antibiotics in development for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and skin infections.
  • To highlight novel antibacterial agents targeting protein synthesis and efflux pumps.
  • To discuss antibiotics effective against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on antibiotic development.
  • Analysis of novel chemistry platforms and drug design strategies.
  • Identification of antibiotics targeting bacterial protein synthesis and efflux pumps.

Main Results:

  • Seven antibiotics (solithromycin, cethromycin, omadacycline, CEM-102, GSK1322322, radezolid, tedizolid) are in development for pneumonia and skin infections.
  • Two oxazolidinone antibiotics (PF-02341272, AZD5847) are being developed for tuberculosis.
  • Three antibiotics (TP-434, GSK2251052, plazomicin) target protein machinery and cover multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Novel antibiotics targeting protein synthesis and efflux pumps are crucial for combating antimicrobial resistance.
  • Several promising agents are in development for serious bacterial infections, offering hope against resistant strains.
  • Targeting protein machinery with new compounds is essential for addressing multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.