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Essential Minerals for Bone Health

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Published on: January 1, 2017

Spotlight on eldecalcitol in osteoporosis.

Mark Sanford¹, Paul L McCormack

¹Adis, a Wolters Kluwer Business, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

|December 24, 2011

Summary

Eldecalcitol, an active vitamin D analogue, effectively treats osteoporosis by reducing bone turnover and increasing bone mineral density. It significantly lowered vertebral fracture incidence compared to alfacalcidol, with manageable side effects like increased blood calcium.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Pharmacology
Orthopedics

Background:

Osteoporosis is a significant public health concern characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration.
Active vitamin D analogues are crucial in managing osteoporosis by regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism.
Eldecalcitol (ED-71) is an orally administered vitamin D analogue approved in Japan for osteoporosis treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of eldecalcitol in osteoporosis patients.
To compare eldecalcitol with placebo and alfacalcidol in reducing bone turnover markers and fracture incidence.
To assess the impact of eldecalcitol on bone mineral density and biomechanical properties.

Main Methods:

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of eldecalcitol.

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Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Published on: January 1, 2017

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

Randomized, double-blind comparison of eldecalcitol with alfacalcidol.

Assessment of bone turnover markers, bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral and non-vertebral fracture incidence, and adverse events.

Main Results:

Eldecalcitol significantly reduced bone turnover markers compared to placebo and alfacalcidol.
Eldecalcitol treatment increased bone mineral density (BMD), while comparators showed reductions.
Eldecalcitol significantly reduced the 3-year incidence of vertebral fractures by 26% compared to alfacalcidol.

Conclusions:

Eldecalcitol is an efficacious osteoporosis treatment, demonstrating superior bone turnover reduction and BMD increase.
Eldecalcitol significantly reduces vertebral fracture incidence, offering a valuable therapeutic option.
Clinically important adverse events include increased blood and urinary calcium; hypercalcemia and urolithiasis were observed at low rates.