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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

Muscles that Move the Thigh

Muscles that Move the Thigh

The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Three other significant muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and the thoracolumbar fascia...

Muscles that Move the Leg

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...

Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Hypodermis

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

Published on: September 7, 2022

The trochanteric fat pad.

P Panettiere¹, D Accorsi, L Marchetti

¹Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche Specialistiche ed Anestesiologiche, University of Bologna, Italy.

European Journal of Histochemistry : EJH

|December 24, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The trochanteric fatty pad, a minor fat depot, possesses unique structural properties. Its less dense stroma and rich microcirculation suggest a high regenerative potential for autologous fat grafting procedures.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

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Published on: September 7, 2022

Performing and Processing FNA of Anterior Fat Pad for Amyloid

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Identification and Dissection of Diverse Mouse Adipose Depots

Identification and Dissection of Diverse Mouse Adipose Depots

Published on: July 11, 2019

Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Regenerative Medicine
Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

Autologous white adipose tissue (WAT) is increasingly utilized in regenerative procedures.
Minor fat depots are being explored as alternative sources for WAT harvesting.
The trochanteric fatty pad is commonly used in plastic surgery due to its accessibility and characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the detailed morphology of the trochanteric fat pad.
To compare the structure of trochanteric fat with other subcutaneous WAT depots.
To identify unique features related to its adipocytes, stroma, and microcirculation, particularly stem niches.

Main Methods:

Histological analysis of the trochanteric fat pad.
Ultrastructural examination of adipocytes, stroma, and microvasculature.
Comparative analysis with other subcutaneous WAT depots.

Main Results:

The trochanteric fat pad exhibits a less dense stromal component compared to other WAT depots.
It features a poor intra-parenchymal collagen stroma with large extracellular spaces.
Adipocytes are enclosed in thin, easily detachable collagen baskets, and capillaries are surrounded by unique perivascular cells.

Conclusions:

The trochanteric fatty pad's unique stromal and microcirculatory features indicate a high regenerative potential.
Its structural characteristics suggest suitability for autologous WAT-based regenerative procedures.
Resistance, dissociability, and vascularity make it a privileged source for fat grafting.