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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

Update on essential tremor.

J Benito-León1, E D Louis

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. jbenitol@meditex.es

Minerva Medica
|December 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Essential tremor (ET) is a common neurological disorder, increasingly recognized as progressive and heterogeneous. Emerging evidence suggests ET may represent a spectrum of diseases, not a single condition.

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Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
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MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
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Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
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Published on: April 18, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Essential tremor (ET) is the most common adult tremor disorder, traditionally viewed as benign.
  • Recent evidence suggests ET is a progressive, clinically heterogeneous condition.
  • ET may be associated with gait issues, parkinsonism, cognitive decline, and mood disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving understanding of Essential Tremor (ET).
  • To highlight the clinical and pathological heterogeneity of ET.
  • To discuss diagnostic and treatment considerations for ET.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature and clinical evidence.
  • Analysis of postmortem studies indicating pathological heterogeneity.
  • Synthesis of clinical observations regarding associated features.

Main Results:

  • ET is characterized by kinetic tremor but exhibits significant etiological, clinical, and pathological diversity.
  • Associated features include gait abnormalities, parkinsonism, cognitive impairment, and sensory deficits.
  • Postmortem studies reveal a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease process.

Conclusions:

  • Essential tremor is likely a spectrum of disorders, not a single entity.
  • Diagnosis remains clinical, relying on history and physical examination.
  • Treatment options are limited, with deep brain stimulation as an option for severe cases.