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Geospatial study of psychiatric mental health-advanced practice registered nurses (PMH-APRNs) in the United States
Debarchana Ghosh1, Anthony A Sterns, Barbara L Drew
1Departmentof Geography, University of Connecticut,Storrs, CT 06269, USA. debarchana.ghosh@gmail.com
Objective:
The objectives of this study were to identify geographic regions with shortages of psychiatric mental health-advanced practice registered nurses (PMH-APRNs), describe rural-urban differences in the distribution of PMH-APRNs, and discuss implications of the uneven geographic distribution.
Methods:
The data source was a complete listing, provided by the American Nurses Credentialing Center, of the employment zip codes of certified PMH-APRNs during 2007 (N=10,452). Geographic information science techniques and spatial statistics were used to conduct a cluster analysis of the spatial distribution of PMH-APRNs.
Results:
After adjustment for population on the basis of U.S. census reports, statistically significant clusters of counties with high and low density of PMH-APRNs, an indicator of uneven accessibility, were identified. Rural-urban differences in the distribution were also illustrated.
Conclusions:
The interdisciplinary approach, including both mapping and statistical analyses, identified shortage areas and provided the groundwork for directing future education, clinical practice, and public policy initiatives.
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