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Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills

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Published on: September 17, 2019

Future expectations among adolescents: a latent class analysis.

Heather L Sipsma¹, Jeannette R Ickovics, Haiqun Lin

¹Department of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, Yale University, 2 Church Street South, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. heather.sipsma@yale.edu

American Journal of Community Psychology

|December 24, 2011

Summary

Understanding adolescent future expectations is key. A new multidimensional approach reveals distinct groups of teens, linking their future outlooks to specific risk behaviors like delinquency and substance use.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Adolescent Behavior Studies
Sociology of Youth

Background:

Future expectations are crucial for adolescent development and behavior.
Current measurement methods for future expectations are often unidimensional, potentially missing key insights.
A multidimensional approach may offer a more comprehensive understanding of adolescent risk behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if an empirically-driven, multidimensional conceptualization of future expectations enhances understanding of adolescent risk behavior.
To identify distinct subgroups of adolescents based on their future expectations.
To examine the association between these subgroups and various risk behaviors.

Main Methods:

Latent class analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97).
Multinomial regression to identify covariates associated with class membership, drawing from Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.
Examination of associations between identified classes and adolescent risk behaviors (delinquency, substance use, sexual experience).

Main Results:

Four distinct classes of future expectations were identified: Student Expectations, Student/Drinking Expectations, Victim Expectations, and Drinking/Arrest Expectations.
These classes were differentially associated with various covariates from ecological systems.
All identified classes demonstrated statistically significant and differential associations with at least one adolescent risk behavior.

Conclusions:

A multidimensional approach to future expectations provides significant added value compared to unidimensional measures.
The identified classes of future expectations are linked to specific adolescent risk behaviors.
Further research is warranted to explore the stability and predictive power of these multidimensional future expectation classes over time.