Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
Bystander Effect02:09

Bystander Effect

The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...
Zones of Protection01:16

Zones of Protection

In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
Protective zones are defined by closed dashed lines, containing one or more components. A key characteristic of these zones is the strategic placement of...
Groupthink01:34

Groupthink

When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

betaselectr: Selective (and Proper) Standardization in Structural Equation Models.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same author

Sleep-Related Attentional Bias in Insomnia: A Drift Diffusion Model Approach.

Journal of sleep research·2026
Same author

Excess mortality and life-years lost in older adults with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: A 6-year follow-up case-control study.

International psychogeriatrics·2026
Same author

High spatial frequency signals drive emotion-related perceptual decision making under emotion-guided attention.

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)·2025
Same author

A systematic review and meta-analysis of group-based trajectory modeling of sleep duration across age groups and in relation to health outcomes.

Sleep·2025
Same author

Believing that difficulty signals importance improves school outcomes by bolstering academic possible identities, a recursive analysis.

PloS one·2024
Same journal

Analysis of strength degradation of coal and rock masses and stability of mined areas under long term immersion environment.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Biogenic Silver-Selenium nanocomposite with anticancer activity and potent efficacy against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of a biodegradable chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel synthesized in NaOH/urea medium.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Action-guilt, survivor-guilt, and depression in combat-related PTSD.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Explainable machine learning for predicting activities of daily living at discharge in stroke patients: A retrospective study using SHAP interpretability.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Deep learning based two-way feature depiction model for brain tumor detection.

PloS one·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
07:40

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

Published on: October 29, 2016

Crowding by invisible flankers.

Cristy Ho1, Sing-Hang Cheung

  • 1Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

Plos One
|December 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual crowding, the inability to recognize objects in peripheral vision, persists even when flankers are invisible. This study demonstrates that conscious awareness and attention are not required for visual crowding to occur, challenging prior assumptions.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis of G Protein-coupled Receptors at Single-event Resolution via TIRF Microscopy
12:40

Visualizing Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis of G Protein-coupled Receptors at Single-event Resolution via TIRF Microscopy

Published on: October 20, 2014

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding
09:14

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding

Published on: August 22, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
07:40

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

Published on: October 29, 2016

Visualizing Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis of G Protein-coupled Receptors at Single-event Resolution via TIRF Microscopy
12:40

Visualizing Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis of G Protein-coupled Receptors at Single-event Resolution via TIRF Microscopy

Published on: October 20, 2014

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding
09:14

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding

Published on: August 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Human object recognition declines in peripheral vision.
  • Visual crowding impairs peripheral target recognition due to flanking objects.
  • The role of visual awareness in crowding remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether conscious awareness of flankers is necessary for visual crowding.
  • To determine if conscious awareness of both target and flankers is required for crowding.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized continuous flash suppression to render flankers invisible.
  • Measured contrast thresholds for orientation identification of a central grating pattern.
  • Assessed orientation-specific adaptation in the presence of invisible flankers.

Main Results:

  • Visual crowding effects persisted even when flankers were completely invisible.
  • Contrast thresholds were elevated in the flanked condition despite unawareness of flankers.
  • Orientation-specific adaptation was attenuated by invisible flankers.

Conclusions:

  • Crowding can occur without conscious awareness of the flankers.
  • Conscious awareness and attention are not prerequisites for visual crowding.
  • Findings suggest a dissociation between visual awareness and crowding mechanisms.