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Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are called the...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

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Constructing and Visualizing Models using Mime-based Machine-learning Framework
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Statistical machine translation for biomedical text: are we there yet?

Cuijun Wu1, Fei Xia, Louise Deleger

  • 1University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. cuijunwu@uw.edu

AMIA ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. AMIA Symposium
|December 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Machine translation quality is high for translating PubMed titles between English and German, French, and Spanish. Both Google Translate and an in-house system show strong performance in bi-directional translation tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Informatics
  • Natural Language Processing
  • Machine Translation

Background:

  • PubMed serves as a crucial resource for biomedical literature.
  • Accurate translation of titles is essential for patient comprehension and accessibility.
  • Evaluating machine translation (MT) quality for specialized domains like biomedicine is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess if machine translation quality is sufficient for translating PubMed titles for patient understanding.
  • To compare the performance of a custom-built system against Google Translate for biomedical text.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed bi-directional statistical machine translation for six language pairs (foreign language-English).
  • Developed and evaluated a high-performance in-house machine translation system.
  • Assessed translation output using automated BLEU scores and human judgment.
  • Specifically evaluated Google Translate's performance in the biomedical domain.

Main Results:

  • Both the in-house system and Google Translate demonstrated high performance for German, French, and Spanish to English bi-directional translation.
  • The study confirmed strong machine translation capabilities for specific language pairs relevant to biomedical literature.

Conclusions:

  • Machine translation, including Google Translate, has achieved high quality for translating PubMed titles in German, French, and Spanish to English.
  • These findings suggest MT can be a valuable tool for improving patient access to biomedical information.