Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Entrusting Attention: An Additional lens on Entrustable Professional Activity Assessment.

The clinical teacher·2026
Same author

Continuity of care beyond access: measuring resolution rather than contact.

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine·2026
Same author

Patient-centred care: is it enough?

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine·2026
Same author

Unreachable patient safety in GP speciality training: a practical intervention to close risk when contact fails.

Education for primary care : an official publication of the Association of Course Organisers, National Association of GP Tutors, World Organisation of Family Doctors·2026
Same author

Enhancing inclusion of neurodivergent participants in medical research: an intersectional inclusion-by-design approach.

Frontiers in medicine·2026
Same author

Educational Interventions to Reduce Cancer Diagnostic Delays in Primary Care: A Scoping Review.

Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education·2026
Same journal

Immune cell infiltration patterns and survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Head & neck oncology·2014
Same journal

Effect of human beta-defensin-3 on head and neck cancer cell migration using micro-fabricated cell islands.

Head & neck oncology·2012
Same journal

Feasibility of recruitment to an oral dysplasia trial in the United Kingdom.

Head & neck oncology·2012
Same journal

Spinal metastasis in thyroid cancer.

Head & neck oncology·2012
Same journal

p16 overexpression in malignant and premalignant lesions of the oral and esophageal mucosa following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Head & neck oncology·2012
Same journal

Analysis of the compatibility of dental implant systems in fibula free flap reconstruction.

Head & neck oncology·2012
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
07:45

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach

Published on: November 28, 2025

How to do it: the difficult thyroid.

Tahwinder Upile1, Waseem Jerjes, Jaspal Mahil

  • 1Department of ENT/Head and Neck Surgery, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust, Enfield, UK. mrtupile@yahoo.com

Head & Neck Oncology
|December 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study outlines an approach to managing difficult thyroid cancer, emphasizing the importance of a specialized surgical team and clear communication for optimal patient outcomes.

More Related Videos

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach
05:10

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach

Published on: September 15, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
07:45

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach

Published on: November 28, 2025

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach
05:10

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach

Published on: September 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Difficult thyroid cancer is rare and presents unique challenges compared to other malignancies.
  • Management requires specialized surgical expertise, including airway management and vocal fold assessment.
  • Existing literature lacks detailed guidance on handling complex thyroid cancer cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a systematic approach for managing difficult thyroid cancer.
  • To highlight the essential components of a multidisciplinary team in thyroid cancer surgery.
  • To emphasize the critical role of communication in achieving successful surgical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of a specific institutional approach to difficult thyroid cancer.
  • Emphasis on the collaborative efforts of General and ENT surgeons.
  • Integration of vocal fold assessment and airway management protocols.

Main Results:

  • A structured approach enhances the management of complex thyroid cancer cases.
  • Teamwork and clear communication are vital for consistent, high-quality surgical results.
  • Proactive management of potential complications improves patient safety.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of difficult thyroid cancer relies on specialized surgical skills and a coordinated team effort.
  • Patient-centered communication is integral to the surgical process.
  • This described approach aims to standardize and improve care for patients with challenging thyroid cancer presentations.