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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

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Nitric oxide signaling in the microcirculation.

Donald G Buerk1, Kenneth A Barbee, Dov Jaron

  • 1Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
|December 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mathematical models predict lower nitric oxide (NO) levels than experimental data in the microcirculation. This review examines discrepancies and discusses NO

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Biophysics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Mathematical models of nitric oxide (NO) diffusion and convection in vasculature show discrepancies with experimental findings.
  • In vivo NO measurements in animal and human studies are often higher than model predictions, particularly in microcirculation and tissue studies.
  • Uncertainty exists regarding the role of hemoglobin in scavenging or storing NO, and other signaling targets require consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and reconcile apparent paradoxes between mathematical models and experimental data for nitric oxide (NO) in the microcirculation.
  • To explore the roles of NO scavenging and potential storage mechanisms.
  • To consider additional signaling pathways involving NO in vascular tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of mathematical model predictions for NO diffusion and convection with experimental measurements.
  • Analysis of experimental data from NO microelectrodes in perivascular locations and tissue studies.
  • Review of literature on NO scavenging by hemoglobin and other NO signaling targets.

Main Results:

  • Mathematical models consistently predict lower in vivo nitric oxide (NO) values compared to experimental measurements.
  • Discrepancies are observed across various vessel sizes in the microcirculation and different organ systems.
  • The balance between NO scavenging by hemoglobin and potential NO storage requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant gap between theoretical NO predictions and experimental observations in the microcirculation.
  • Further research is needed to refine NO models, considering factors like hemoglobin interactions and alternative signaling pathways.
  • Accurate modeling of NO dynamics is crucial for understanding its physiological roles in the microcirculation.