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Upper lip changes and gingival exposure on smiling: vertical dimension analysis.

Hagai Miron¹, Shlomo Calderon, Dror Allon

¹Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel. hagaimi@gmail.com

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics

|December 27, 2011

Summary

Women exhibit distinct upper lip characteristics, including shorter resting length and greater incisor display at rest, influencing smile aesthetics. These findings are crucial for understanding smile patterns and lip morphology.

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Area of Science:

Dentistry
Facial Aesthetics
Anthropometry

Background:

Understanding vertical soft-tissue changes in the upper lip is essential for aesthetic evaluations.
Quantifying lip dimensions at rest and during smiling provides insights into facial dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate and quantify vertical upper lip soft-tissue changes at rest and during maximum smile.
To examine the correlation between upper labial vestibular attachment height and maxillary gingival exposure.

Main Methods:

Seventy-two volunteers (36 men, 36 women, aged 20-40) participated.
Nine measurements of upper lip position and maxillary incisor crown height were recorded for each subject at rest and maximum smile.

Main Results:

Significant sexual dimorphism was observed in most measured variables.
Women had shorter relaxed upper lip length (3.1 mm) and greater incisor display at rest (1.78 mm) than men.
High smile lines were 2.5 times more prevalent in women, with a 30% upper lip shortening compared to 23% in low smile lines.

Conclusions:

High smile patterns are associated with short upper lip length and a low smiling/resting lip length ratio.
Inferior attachment of the upper labial vestibule and prominent upper lip vermilion are characteristic of high smile patterns.