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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...

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3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
07:13

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Published on: May 18, 2020

Compartmentalized versus global synaptic plasticity on dendrites controlled by experience.

Hiroshi Makino1, Roberto Malinow

  • 1Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biology and Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Neuron
|December 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Experience strengthens nearby brain synapses, promoting clustering. A new method reveals this plasticity is reduced when AMPA receptors are altered, unlike global changes from sensory deprivation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Brain synapses undergo continuous modification by experience, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
  • In vitro and theoretical models suggest interactions between nearby synapses may promote plasticity clustering within dendritic branches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity.
  • To determine if synaptic potentiation clusters on dendritic branches due to experience.
  • To explore the role of AMPA receptor modulation in synaptic clustering.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a fluorescently tagged AMPA receptor-based optical approach for single-synapse plasticity detection in mouse cortex.
  • Utilizing a phospho-mutant AMPA receptor insensitive to threshold-lowering modulation.
  • Comparing synaptic changes induced by sensory experience versus sensory deprivation.

Main Results:

  • Sensory experience preferentially induced synaptic potentiation in nearby dendritic synapses, demonstrating clustering.
  • Expression of a phospho-mutant AMPA receptor significantly reduced this experience-induced clustering.
  • Sensory deprivation led to homeostatic synaptic enhancement globally across dendrites, contrasting with experience-driven clustering.

Conclusions:

  • Experience-driven synaptic potentiation clusters onto specific dendritic subcompartments, potentially encoding behaviorally relevant information.
  • Altered AMPA receptor function disrupts experience-dependent synaptic clustering.
  • Homeostatic synaptic upscaling during sensory deprivation globally sensitizes dendrites for future inputs.