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Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients
08:10

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

Published on: December 14, 2015

miRNAs and morphogen gradients.

Masafumi Inui1, Marco Montagner, Stefano Piccolo

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|December 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate morphogen gradients, influencing cell fate decisions. This review highlights miRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Morphogens are crucial signaling molecules that drive biological diversity through dose-dependent mechanisms.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play significant roles in gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of miRNAs in the context of morphogen gradient establishment and function.
  • To explore how miRNAs contribute to cellular responses and cell fate determination in morphogen signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence on miRNA involvement in morphogen signaling.
  • Analysis of miRNA interactions with key morphogen pathways, including TGFβ and Wnt.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are integral to regulating the secretion, distribution, and clearance of morphogens.
  • miRNAs establish context-dependency and threshold responses in target cells.
  • miRNAs participate in gene networks that translate graded morphogen activity into robust cell fate decisions.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are essential regulators of morphogen gradients and cellular responses, impacting developmental processes.
  • The interplay between miRNAs and morphogens is critical for generating biological diversity and ensuring precise cell fate determination.
  • Emerging hypotheses, such as the ceRNA hypothesis, offer new perspectives on miRNA-mediated morphogen biology.