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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Temporal expectation and information processing: a model-based analysis.

Marieke Jepma1, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Sander Nieuwenhuis

  • 1Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands. Marieke.Jepma@colorado.edu

Cognition
|December 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temporal cues speed up reaction time by affecting non-decision processes like target encoding and response preparation. This study clarifies how temporal expectation impacts information processing efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Reaction Time Studies

Background:

  • Temporal cues allow anticipation of events, improving processing efficiency.
  • Understanding the precise cognitive mechanisms behind temporal expectation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine which information processing components are affected by temporal cues.
  • To investigate the impact of temporal expectation on reaction time.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the fixed-foreperiod and temporal-cueing paradigms across two experiments.
  • Applied sequential-sampling models, including the Ratcliff diffusion and shifted-Wald models, for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Temporal expectation primarily influenced non-decision processes (target encoding, response preparation).
  • Minimal effects were observed on decision-making components (response threshold, evidence accumulation rate).

Conclusions:

  • Temporal expectation effects on reaction time are mainly mediated by changes in non-decision processes.
  • Findings offer new insights into the psychological underpinnings of temporal expectation in cognitive tasks.