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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Rewiring two-component signal transduction with small RNAs.

Yvonne Göpel1, Boris Görke

  • 1Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Grisebachstrasse 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|December 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial two-component systems (TCSs) and small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) form complex networks. These systems dynamically regulate gene expression, enhancing cellular responses to environmental changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Bacterial two-component systems (TCSs) and small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
  • These regulatory molecules form intricate networks that allow bacteria to respond to environmental stimuli.
  • Understanding the interplay between TCSs and sRNAs is crucial for deciphering bacterial adaptive mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the interconnected regulatory roles of bacterial TCSs and sRNAs.
  • To highlight how TCSs and sRNAs cooperate to modulate gene expression.
  • To emphasize the functional flexibility and dynamic range imparted by sRNA regulation within TCS networks.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of TCS and sRNA interactions.
  • Gene expression profiling studies.
  • Post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism investigations.

Main Results:

  • TCSs often regulate target genes indirectly via sRNAs, which then fine-tune mRNA or protein levels.
  • sRNAs can also modulate TCS synthesis, integrating TCS regulons into broader networks.
  • Some TCSs control multiple homologous sRNAs, enabling redundant, additive, or hierarchical regulation.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of TCSs and sRNAs provides bacteria with sophisticated regulatory strategies.
  • sRNAs enhance the flexibility, dynamic range, and temporal control of TCS-mediated signaling.
  • This intricate regulatory crosstalk is fundamental to bacterial adaptation and survival.