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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

Task difficulty modulates young-old differences in network expression.

Yaakov Stern1, Brian C Rakitin, Christian Habeck

  • 1Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College ofPhysicians and Surgeons, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA. ys11@columbia.edu

Brain Research
|December 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show reduced brain network efficiency during demanding tasks compared to younger adults. This highlights the importance of task difficulty when interpreting neuroimaging studies across age groups.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Published on: May 7, 2014

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation varies with task difficulty.
  • Brain network efficiency and capacity can decline with age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in brain network activation patterns under varying task demands.
  • To determine if task difficulty influences the expression of neural networks in young versus older adults.

Main Methods:

  • A delayed item recognition task with parametrically manipulated difficulty using the response signal method.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activation in 26 younger and 23 older adults.
  • Analysis focused on a specific spatial pattern of fMRI activation during the probe phase.

Main Results:

  • Both age groups exhibited a speed-accuracy trade-off, with younger adults showing better performance at longer deadlines.
  • A specific fMRI activation pattern intensified as task difficulty increased (shorter deadlines).
  • Older adults showed greater expression of this pattern at easier tasks (long deadlines), while younger adults showed greater expression at harder tasks (short deadlines).

Conclusions:

  • Older adults may have reduced efficiency and capacity in the studied brain network compared to younger adults.
  • Task difficulty significantly impacts the observed fMRI activation patterns and must be considered when comparing cognitive abilities across age groups.
  • Neuroimaging findings comparing different cognitive groups require careful interpretation considering the relative task demands for each group.