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Related Concept Videos

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which indirectly block calcium...
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...

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Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II
04:16

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II

Published on: June 20, 2020

Calsequestrin 2 and arrhythmias.

Michela Faggioni1, Björn C Knollmann

  • 1Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0575, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|December 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calsequestrin 2 (Casq2) mutations cause stress-induced arrhythmias like CPVT. New research reveals Casq2

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Cardiology
  • Calcium Signaling

Background:

  • Calsequestrin is the primary calcium-binding protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of muscle cells.
  • It plays a crucial role in calcium handling and release during muscle contraction.
  • Mutations in cardiac calsequestrin 2 (Casq2) are linked to catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the role of calsequestrin in cardiac arrhythmia disorders.
  • To explore the complex functions of Casq2 beyond calcium storage.
  • To investigate Casq2's involvement in both genetic and acquired heart conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on calsequestrin and arrhythmias.
  • Analysis of data from mouse models of CPVT.
  • Investigation of Casq2 interactions with other SR proteins and its trafficking.

Main Results:

  • Casq2 has a more intricate role in calcium handling and regulating SR calcium release channels than previously thought.
  • Mouse models elucidate the pathophysiology of CPVT.
  • Altered Casq2 trafficking is observed in animal models of acquired heart diseases like heart failure.

Conclusions:

  • Casq2 is critical for normal cardiac function and its dysfunction contributes to CPVT.
  • Casq2's role extends beyond calcium storage, influencing SR calcium release.
  • Casq2 dysfunction may contribute to arrhythmias in acquired heart diseases, not just genetic forms.