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Prevention and management of contrast-induced acute kidney injury

Patricia J M Best1, David R Holmes

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA, best.patricia@mayo.edu.

Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine
|December 27, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant risk following contrast imaging procedures. Hydration, particularly with normal saline or potentially sodium bicarbonate, is the most effective prevention strategy for contrast-induced AKI.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following procedures using iodinated contrast media.
  • Increasing use of contrast agents in medical imaging heightens the clinical significance of contrast-induced AKI.
  • Risk factors include hypotension, impaired renal function, advanced age, heart failure, anemia, and diabetes mellitus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the risk factors and prevention strategies for contrast-induced AKI.
  • To highlight the importance of contrast volume as a modifiable risk factor.
  • To discuss current and potential preventive measures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical factors and preventive strategies for contrast-induced AKI.
  • Analysis of risk stratification methods.
  • Evaluation of hydration and pharmacological interventions.

Main Results:

  • Patient risk stratification for contrast-induced AKI can be achieved using clinical factors.
  • Contrast volume is a significant and modifiable risk factor.
  • Hydration is the most effective preventive strategy, with normal saline as standard and sodium bicarbonate as a potential alternative.

Conclusions:

  • Contrast-induced AKI is a critical concern in modern medicine.
  • Effective prevention relies on risk stratification and hydration.
  • Further research is needed to optimize preventive strategies for contrast-induced AKI.
Abstract

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