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Related Concept Videos

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis01:07

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an alkylated β-keto acid.
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
α-Hydroxy Ketones via Reductive Coupling of Esters: Acyloin Condensation Overview01:19

α-Hydroxy Ketones via Reductive Coupling of Esters: Acyloin Condensation Overview

The pinacol and McMurry reactions involve the reductive coupling of ketones or aldehydes. Similarly, the bimolecular reductive coupling of two ester molecules in the presence of sodium metal in an aprotic solvent yields an α-hydroxy ketone product. The α-hydroxy ketone is also called acyloin, so the reaction is referred to as ‘acyloin condensation.’
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
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(E)-Methyl 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate.

Dong-Feng Li1, Xiao-Fei Zhu, Shuang Guan

  • 1School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|December 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a novel indole derivative. Molecular interactions, including N-H⋯π and C-H⋯O bonds, dictate the compound's crystal packing and arrangement.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Indole derivatives are important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry.
  • Understanding crystal packing is crucial for material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of a specific indole-methyl acrylate compound.
  • To analyze the intermolecular interactions governing crystal packing.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed.
  • Analysis of intermolecular interactions (N-H⋯π, C-H⋯O) was performed.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of C(12)H(11)NO(2) was determined.
  • Indole and methyl acrylate planes exhibit a dihedral angle of 10.6(1)°.
  • N-H⋯π interactions form chains, and C-H⋯O bonds stabilize the packing.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure reveals specific intermolecular forces.
  • These interactions are key to the compound's solid-state organization.