Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

TATI modality: A new perspective on the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Journal of cancer research and therapeutics·2020
Same author

SP1-induced upregulation of lncRNA CTBP1-AS2 accelerates the hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis through targeting CEP55 via sponging miR-195-5p.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2020
Same author

Advances in ultrasound-guided thermal ablation for symptomatic benign thyroid nodules.

Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University·2020
Same author

Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line from the dermal fibroblasts of a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy carrying a PKP2/c.2489 + 1G > A mutation.

Stem cell research·2020
Same author

Efficacy and safety of percutaneous ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for cervical metastatic lymph nodes from papillary thyroid carcinoma.

International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group·2020
Same author

NLRP6 contributes to inflammation and brain injury following intracerebral haemorrhage by activating autophagy.

Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)·2020
Same journal

Compositional and Functional Metabolic Shifts in the Endometrial Microbiota of Cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>) During the Transition Period: A Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Approach.

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)·2026
Same journal

Insights Into the Characterization and Application of <i>Pseudomonas taetrolens</i>.

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)·2026
Same journal

Small Helper Ti-plasmid Coexisting With the <i>A281virF</i> Gene Encoding an F-Box-Like Protein Improves the Efficiency of T-DNA Transfer From <i>Agrobacterium</i> Cells to Plant Cells.

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)·2026
Same journal

AAV9-Mediated Targeting of Defined Neuronal Populations in Spinal Cord Through Intrathecal Injection.

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)·2026
Same journal

Progress in Bioengineering: An Extensive Examination of State-of-the-Art Innovations in the Development of Artificial Corneas.

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)·2026
Same journal

Nitrosylcobalamin Selectively Targets Tumors via Cobalamin Uptake and Lysosomal Processing.

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

Database documentation of retrotransposon insertion polymorphisms.

Ping Liang1, Wanxiangfu Tang

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1. pliang@brocku.ca

Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition)
|December 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retrotransposon insertion polymorphisms (RIPs) are key genetic variations. This review details challenges in documenting RIPs and introduces dbRIP, the sole database for these important human genome variations.

More Related Videos

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
10:54

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

Published on: July 27, 2019

Identification of Functionally-Relevant Lentivirus Integration Sites in an Insertional Mutagenesis Cell Library
07:28

Identification of Functionally-Relevant Lentivirus Integration Sites in an Insertional Mutagenesis Cell Library

Published on: January 10, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
10:54

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

Published on: July 27, 2019

Identification of Functionally-Relevant Lentivirus Integration Sites in an Insertional Mutagenesis Cell Library
07:28

Identification of Functionally-Relevant Lentivirus Integration Sites in an Insertional Mutagenesis Cell Library

Published on: January 10, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • Retrotransposons comprise over 40% of the human genome, with active elements like L1, Alu, SVA, and HERVs.
  • Retrotransposition generates genetic diversity through retrotransposon insertion polymorphism (RIP), variations in element presence/absence at specific loci.
  • Over 5000 RIP cases identified, with >50 linked to human diseases, highlighting their clinical relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics and challenges of compiling and annotating RIPs.
  • To examine the current state of database documentation for RIPs.
  • To detail the design, schema, and utilities of dbRIP, the dedicated database for RIPs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of retrotransposon activity and RIPs.
  • Analysis of challenges in RIP data compilation and annotation.
  • Description of the dbRIP database structure and functionalities.

Main Results:

  • RIPs are a significant source of genetic variation, with ongoing discoveries from personal genome data.
  • Existing documentation methods face challenges in compiling and annotating diverse RIP data.
  • dbRIP offers a centralized, dedicated resource for documenting RIPs, including their design and utilities.

Conclusions:

  • RIPs represent a crucial and expanding source of human genetic variation and mutation.
  • Effective documentation and annotation of RIPs are essential for understanding their role in health and disease.
  • dbRIP provides a vital, specialized resource to address the current gaps in RIP data management and accessibility.