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The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
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Leadership in multiple perpetrator stranger rape.

Jessica Woodhams1, Claire Cooke, Leigh Harkins

  • 1University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. j.woodhams@bham.ac.uk

Journal of Interpersonal Violence
|December 29, 2011
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Summary

Identifying leaders in group sexual offenses is crucial. A composite measure combining the Scale of Influence and offender directives best identifies leaders and followers in multiple perpetrator rapes.

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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Multiple perpetrator sexual offenses are often more severe than lone-perpetrator crimes.
  • Existing research on leader/follower roles in juvenile group rapes has yielded inconclusive findings.
  • Reliable methods for identifying leaders and followers in group sexual offenses are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of two distinct methods for identifying leadership in multiple perpetrator rapes.
  • To compare the effectiveness of the Scale of Influence and offender directive counts in designating leadership.
  • To develop and validate a composite measure for identifying leaders and followers.

Main Methods:

  • The Scale of Influence was applied to 256 offenders involved in 95 UK-based multiple perpetrator rapes.
  • Leadership was also assessed by counting the number of directives uttered by each offender.
  • A composite measure was created by combining both methods, and classifications were compared against practitioner assessments.

Main Results:

  • The Scale of Influence identified leaders in 80% of cases, while directive counts identified leaders in 66%.
  • A composite measure identified leaders in 89% of cases.
  • The composite measure demonstrated the highest concordance with practitioner classifications of leadership roles.

Conclusions:

  • A combined approach using the Scale of Influence and directive counts offers a more reliable method for identifying leaders in multiple perpetrator rapes.
  • The Scale of Influence may require further development to encompass diverse leadership behaviors.
  • Accurate identification of leaders and followers is essential for understanding and addressing criminogenic needs in group sexual offenses.