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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Comparison Tests01:13

Multiple Comparison Tests

Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...
Bonferroni Test01:10

Bonferroni Test

The Bonferroni test is a statistical test named after Carlo Emilio Bonferroni, an Italian mathematician best known for Bonferroni inequalities. This statistical test is a type of multiple comparison test to determine which means are different than the rest. Bonferroni test can minimize the Type 1 error by reducing the significance level alpha, which otherwise increases with sample pairs.
The means of different samples are first paired in all possible combinations.
The null hypothesis of the...
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Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
Cochran's Q Test01:17

Cochran's Q Test

Cochran's Q Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there are potential differences in the outcomes of three or more related groups on a binary (yes/no) or dichotomous outcome. It is essentially an extension of the McNemar Test, which is limited to two related samples - Cochran's Q test can handle three or more related samples, making it more versatile in scenarios where subjects are measured under multiple conditions. The test statistic follows a Chi-Square distribution,...

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Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
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Cost analysis for computer supported multiple-choice paper examinations.

Alexander Mandel1, Alexander Hörnlein, Marianus Ifland

  • 1Wuerzburg University, Medical Faculty, Wuerzburg, Germany.

GMS Zeitschrift Fur Medizinische Ausbildung
|December 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computer-based formatting and evaluation of paper-based medical exams significantly reduces lecturer time. This method offers a simpler technological infrastructure and less staff involvement compared to purely electronic exams.

Keywords:
Cost AnalysisEducational Measurement (I2.399)Multiple-Choice ExaminationSelf-Evaluation Programs (I2.399.780)

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Assessment Technologies
  • Educational Technology

Background:

  • Multiple-choice examinations are fundamental in medical degree programs.
  • Optimizing the technical procedure of examinations is crucial.
  • Key considerations include formatting, logistics, grading, and analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficiency of a computer program for formatting and evaluating paper-based multiple-choice exams.
  • To compare the time and resource investment of computer-assisted paper-based exams with traditional methods and fully electronic exams.

Main Methods:

  • A computer program was used for input and formatting of multiple-choice questions for paper-based exams over three semesters.
  • Medical examinations were automatically evaluated using the program.
  • Manual workload was recorded for the last two semesters.

Main Results:

  • Formatting and analysis time for an average exam (approx. 140 participants, 35 questions) was reduced significantly over three semesters (5-7 hours to 1.5 hours).
  • Average time per exam, including complications, was approximately 3 hours in SS 2010 and 2.67 hours in WS 10/11.
  • Significant time reduction for lecturers compared to manual correction.

Conclusions:

  • Computer-based formatting and evaluation of paper-based exams offer substantial time savings for lecturers.
  • This approach requires simpler technology and less staff during examinations compared to fully electronic exams.