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Published on: October 13, 2023
Multiple sclerosis in childhood and adolescence
1Department of Neurology, National Paediatric Hospital Dr. J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|December 31, 2011
Summary
Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) affects children under 18, often presenting similarly to other childhood white matter diseases. Early treatment is crucial for better long-term outcomes in pediatric MS patients.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pediatrics
- Immunology
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
- While typically affecting young adults, MS can manifest in children, accounting for at least 5% of cases with onset before age 18.
- Paediatric MS presents diagnostic challenges due to overlapping features with other pediatric white matter diseases, such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the challenges and current understanding of paediatric multiple sclerosis.
- To discuss the diagnostic difficulties and long-term prognosis of early-onset MS.
- To evaluate the role and evidence for disease-modifying therapies in children and adolescents with MS.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on paediatric multiple sclerosis.
- Analysis of clinical and radiological presentation in children.
- Assessment of treatment outcomes and long-term follow-up data.
Main Results:
- Paediatric MS often begins with a relapsing-remitting course.
- Children with MS transition to a secondary progressive course and develop neurological deficits at a younger age than adults.
- Disease-modifying therapies show promise and good tolerability in paediatric MS, though long-term data is still needed.
Conclusions:
- Early diagnosis and treatment of paediatric MS are essential due to potentially severe long-term consequences.
- Initiating disease-modifying therapy early, similar to adult protocols, is anticipated to improve long-term outcomes in paediatric patients.
- Further research with prolonged follow-up is required to confirm the long-term efficacy and safety of various treatments in paediatric MS.
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