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Related Concept Videos

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
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[Genomic selection and its application].

Heng-De Li1, Zhen-Min Bao, Xiao-Wen Sun

  • 1The Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China. hengde.li@cafs.ac.cn

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|December 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic selection (GS) revolutionizes breeding by estimating genetic value using genome-wide markers. This approach, particularly GBLUP and Bayes methods, offers higher accuracy and efficiency than traditional breeding for agricultural and human applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Genetics
  • Animal Breeding
  • Plant Breeding

Context:

  • Selective breeding is crucial for agricultural production, with breeding value estimation as its core.
  • Advancements in genetic markers and high-throughput genotyping enable genome-level breeding value estimation, known as genomic selection (GS).

Purpose:

  • This review categorizes and explains methods for genomic selection (GS).
  • It details approaches predicting genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) based on allele effects (e.g., RR-BLUP, Bayes) and those using genetic relationship matrices (e.g., GBLUP).

Summary:

  • GS methods include allele effect-based predictions (least squares, RR-BLUP, Bayes, PCA) and genetic relationship matrix-based predictions (GBLUP).
  • Factors influencing GS accuracy include marker type/density, reference population size, and marker-QTL linkage.
  • Bayes and GBLUP methods generally yield higher accuracy, with GBLUP being time-efficient and capable of integrating pedigree and genotypic data.

Impact:

  • Genomic selection (GS) offers more precise genetic relationship measurement, surpassing traditional methods.
  • GS has practical applications in animal and plant breeding and potential in human genetic predisposition studies and evolutionary dynamics.
  • GS represents a revolutionary advancement in breeding history.