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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for Human Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis
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Tumor budding in colorectal carcinomas.

Sevda Sert Bektaş1, Gülsün Inan Mamak, Ibrahim Metin Cırış

  • 1Department of Pathology, Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.

Turk Patoloji Dergisi
|December 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary

High-grade tumor budding in colorectal carcinoma indicates more aggressive disease. This finding suggests tumor budding density is a key prognostic indicator for colorectal cancer patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Tumor budding, defined as single cells or small clusters in the stroma at the invasive margin, is a feature of colorectal carcinomas.
  • Assessing tumor budding density is crucial for understanding cancer behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between tumor budding density and clinicopathological parameters in colorectal carcinomas.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 73 colorectal carcinoma cases using H&E stained slides.
  • Two observers evaluated tumor budding intensity, with high-density areas counted at x200 magnification.
  • Cases were classified into low (<10) and high (≥10) tumor budding density groups.

Main Results:

  • 45.2% of cases showed low tumor budding density, while 54.8% exhibited high density.
  • High tumor budding density was significantly associated with higher histological grade (p=0.042).
  • Significant correlations were found between high tumor budding density and lymph node involvement (p=0.0001) and vascular invasion (p=0.0034).

Conclusions:

  • High-grade tumor budding density is linked to aggressive phenotypic features in colorectal carcinoma.
  • Tumor budding density serves as a potential prognostic marker in colorectal cancer.