Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
The Retina01:32

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The role of object-selective attention in analytic and holistic object recognition.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2026
Same author

Ewald Hering's (1879) "On Muscle Sounds of the Eye": A translation and commentary.

i-Perception·2024
Same author

On the cortical mapping function - Visual space, cortical space, and crowding.

Vision research·2022
Same author

Spectral dependency of the human pupillary light reflex. Influences of pre-adaptation and chronotype.

PloS one·2022
Same author

Do facially disfiguring features influence attention and perception of faces? Evidence from an antisaccade task.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2021
Same author

Topical Review: The Top Five Peripheral Vision Tools in Sport.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2021
Same journal

Analysis of human visual experience data.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Pyramid-based Bayesian modeling for high-resolution behavioral analysis.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Sensation without perception: The white whale effect and perceptual blindness in autonomous vehicles.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Gaze behavior during closed-captioned movie viewing adapts to absent audio through more frequent switching between text and scene.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

In pursuit of saccade awareness: Limited volitional control and minimal conscious access to catch-up saccades during smooth pursuit eye movements.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Dissociable effects of element-lifetime and stimulus-duration on local and global motion processing: An equivalent noise study.

Journal of vision·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes
06:25

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes

Published on: February 23, 2024

Peripheral vision and pattern recognition: a review.

Hans Strasburger1, Ingo Rentschler, Martin Jüttner

  • 1Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany. strasburger@uni-muenchen.de

Journal of Vision
|December 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral vision research reveals limitations in form perception, including crowding and reduced processing speed. Cognitive factors significantly impact complex visual tasks beyond basic visual functions.

More Related Videos

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes
06:25

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes

Published on: February 23, 2024

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Visual neuroscience
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Perception science

Background:

  • Peripheral vision research has historically focused on low-level visual functions.
  • Theories of form perception are being refined by understanding visual processing outside the fovea.
  • Cortical magnification and crowding are key concepts in explaining peripheral visual limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize research on peripheral vision and its relation to form perception.
  • To evaluate the cortical magnification hypothesis and its implications for psychophysical tasks.
  • To explore the impact of cognitive factors and learning limitations on peripheral vision.

Main Methods:

  • Historical overview of peripheral vision research.
  • Quantification and extension of the cortical magnification hypothesis.
  • Review of eccentricity-dependent low-level visual functions (reaction time, temporal resolution).
  • Analysis of character recognition, crowding (Bouma's law), and complex stimuli processing.
  • Investigation of perceptual and pattern category learning limitations.
  • Discussion of peripheral form vision models.

Main Results:

  • Cortical magnification explains some, but not all, peripheral vision phenomena.
  • Crowding, as defined by Bouma's law, is linked to retinocortical mapping.
  • Mid-level vision and cognitive factors significantly affect recognition of complex stimuli.
  • Peripheral vision exhibits limitations in representational complexity and processing speed for pattern categorization.
  • Learning limitations are present in peripheral vision for perceptual and category learning tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral vision limitations extend beyond low-level functions, significantly involving mid-level and cognitive processes.
  • Cortical magnification and crowding are important but insufficient to fully explain peripheral form perception.
  • Reduced representational complexity and processing speed in peripheral vision impact pattern categorization.
  • Cognitive processing limitations are as critical as low-level functional deficits in peripheral vision.