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Updated: May 26, 2026

Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems
Published on: July 30, 2019
Size doesn't matter!
1Royal Liverpool Hospital, Medicine/Gastroenterology, 5Z Link, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 5XP, UK.
Abstract:
An 18-year-old male patient with a known history of Crohn's colitis was admitted for further management of his symptoms. He was treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) adalimumab and intravenous steroids in addition to azathioprine. He developed sudden onset pleuritic chest pain. Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scanning was reported as normal. A computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) showed evidence of a small peripheral wedge shaped area of consolidation in the left lower lobe. He was treated with oral antibiotics but the chest pain persisted for the next 2 weeks. A repeat chest x-ray performed 2 weeks later revealed evidence of a large hydro-pneumothorax which was promptly drained. A chest CT later showed evidence of lower lobe consolidation. Sputum cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus. It was felt that a broncho-pleural fistula due to the peripheral cavitating lesion led to the pneumothorax.
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