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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment

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Published on: October 28, 2022

Xylogenesis in black spruce: does soil temperature matter?

Carlo Lupi¹, Hubert Morin, Annie Deslauriers

¹Departement des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Canada G7H 2B1. carlo.lupi@uqac.ca

Tree Physiology

|January 3, 2012

Summary

Soil warming did not impact black spruce growth or cambial phenology in boreal forests. Air temperature, not soil temperature, is the primary factor limiting tree stem growth in these ecosystems.

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Forest Science
Plant Physiology

Background:

Boreal ecosystems are sensitive to temperature changes, impacting plant growth.
Previous studies suggest air temperature, not soil temperature, is key for tree xylogenesis.
Disentangling soil and air temperature effects is crucial for understanding boreal forest responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the direct impact of increased soil temperature on black spruce growth.
To determine if soil warming influences cambial phenology and xylem production.
To clarify the role of soil temperature versus air temperature in limiting tree stem growth.

Main Methods:

Experimental soil warming (+4 °C) and earlier snowmelt in Quebec boreal forest stands.
Monitoring of black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] cambial phenology and xylem production.
Weekly data collection from April to October over three years (2008-2010).

Main Results:

No significant differences in phenological phases (cell enlargement, wall thickening, lignification) between warmed and control trees.
Xylem cell production remained unchanged in response to soil warming.
The treatment did not affect overall tree growth metrics.

Conclusions:

The hypothesis of direct soil temperature influence on stem growth is rejected.
Air temperature is confirmed as the primary short-term limiting factor for xylogenesis in boreal trees.
Soil warming alone does not significantly alter black spruce growth dynamics in this environment.