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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...

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Information processing, computation, and cognition.

Gualtiero Piccinini, Andrea Scarantino

    Journal of Biological Physics
    |January 3, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study clarifies computation and information processing in cognitive science, defining their distinct meanings and relationships. It provides a theory-neutral framework to resolve foundational debates and advance empirical research.

    Keywords:
    ClassicismCognitivismComputationComputational neuroscienceComputational theory of mindComputationalismConnectionismInformation processingMeaningNeural computationRepresentation

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    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Science
    • Philosophy of Mind
    • Computational Theory

    Background:

    • Cognition is often assumed to involve computation and information processing, but these terms are imprecisely defined and sometimes conflated.
    • Divergent interpretations of 'computation' and 'information processing' hinder clear scientific discourse and lead to conceptual myths.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a general, theory-neutral account of computation and information processing.
    • To analyze the relationships between computation, information processing, and various cognitive science frameworks (classicism, connectionism, computational neuroscience).
    • To clarify foundational debates in cognitive science by untangling conceptual knots.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a general, theory-neutral framework for understanding computation and information processing.
    • Applied the framework to analyze the interplay between these concepts and major theoretical approaches in cognitive science.
    • Examined the relevance of computation (generic sense) and information processing (three senses) to cognitive science.

    Main Results:

    • Distinguished between computation and information processing, dispelling the myth that they are identical.
    • Demonstrated the relevance of both computation and information processing to cognitive science through a unified framework.
    • Provided a clear conceptual foundation for understanding these core notions.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed framework advances foundational debates in cognitive science by offering conceptual clarity.
    • Untangling conceptual knots in a theory-neutral manner paves the way for resolving empirical aspects of these debates.
    • A precise understanding of computation and information processing is crucial for future cognitive science research.