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Updated: May 26, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
Published on: July 29, 2014
Novel, nonreflex tests detect analgesic action in rodents at clinically relevant concentrations
Nick Andrews1, Sinead Harper, Yasmin Issop
1Pain and Sensory Disorders Research Unit, Pfizer Laboratories, Sandwich, United Kingdom. naa170767@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract:
We propose that predictive validity of tests for analgesia may be improved by looking to reinstate specific, innate behaviors suppressed by pain, e.g., burrowing, because effective plasma concentrations in the rat are closer to effective clinical plasma concentrations than those generally used in rodent reflex withdrawal assays.
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