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Updated: May 26, 2026

Detecting the Ligand-binding Domain Dimerization Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Using the Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay
Published on: December 19, 2018
Non-classical estrogen receptors action on human dermal fibroblasts
Kuan-Hao Tsui1, Peng-Hui Wang, Chia-Kai Chen
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Objective:
To study the possible non-genomic effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF).
Materials And Methods:
WS1 cells were used to test the effect of raloxifene. The mRNA expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β and G protein-coupled ER 1(GRP30) were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Apoptosis was identified by TUNEL assay and FACS analysis. MAPK and PI3 K/Akt pathways were determined by immunoblotting analysis.
Results:
Neither ERα nor ERβ, but GPR30 was detected in WS1 cells. Raloxifene increased apoptosis, which was blocked by pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of G protein, or by LY294002. Phosphorylated p38 MAPK and Akt were also increased after raloxifene treatment.
Conclusion:
SERMs could induce apoptosis of HDF through G protein and PI3 K/Akt signaling, which may help understand the role of SERMs on the skin.
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