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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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[Decision-making and schizophrenia].

M Adida1, M Maurel, A Kaladjian

  • 1Pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 09, France. marc.adida@mail.ap-hm.fr

L'Encephale
|January 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia patients show impaired decision-making, particularly involving the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Future research needs larger, homogeneous groups and controls for confounding factors to clarify these cognitive deficits.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

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An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
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An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents

Published on: August 2, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Context:

  • Prefrontal cortex (PFC) abnormalities are implicated in schizophrenia.
  • Focus has been on dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), but ventromedial PFC (VMPFC) involvement is increasingly recognized.
  • VMPFC damage impairs social behavior and decision-making, as assessed by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).

Purpose:

  • To investigate decision-making deficits in schizophrenia, specifically exploring the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC).
  • To address discrepancies in previous findings regarding IGT performance in schizophrenia patients.
  • To identify factors influencing decision-making in schizophrenia, including diagnostic heterogeneity and medication effects.

Summary:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with significant social and occupational dysfunction, yet decision-making studies yield conflicting results.
  • While some studies show impaired IGT performance, others find no differences, possibly due to small sample sizes, lack of control for IQ, education, substance use, or antipsychotic effects.
  • VMPFC dysfunction is linked to decision-making impairment and lack of insight in other conditions, and may play a role in schizophrenia.

Impact:

  • Highlights the need for larger, more homogeneous study groups in schizophrenia research.
  • Emphasizes controlling for IQ, education, substance use, and antipsychotic dosage in future decision-making studies.
  • Suggests VMPFC integrity is crucial for decision-making and insight in schizophrenia, warranting further investigation into its association with memory and antipsychotic treatment.