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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:17

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Magnetic forces on wires carrying current are most frequently applied in motors. A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. In motors, wire loops are enclosed in a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate. The direction of the current is reversed once the loop's surface area is lined up with the magnetic field, causing a constant torque on the loop. During the process, commutators...
Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
Other Unique Bacteria01:18

Other Unique Bacteria

Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic and are commonly found near the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
11:41

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

Myotube orientation using strong static magnetic fields.

Tomonori Sakurai1, Ayumi Hashimoto, Tomoko Kiyokawa

  • 1Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. sakurai@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Bioelectromagnetics
|January 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strong static magnetic fields (SMF) can orient myotubes without impacting cell growth or differentiation. This study shows SMF

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Assessing Functional Metrics of Skeletal Muscle Health in Human Skeletal Muscle Microtissues
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Assessing Functional Metrics of Skeletal Muscle Health in Human Skeletal Muscle Microtissues

Published on: February 18, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
11:41

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

Assessing Functional Metrics of Skeletal Muscle Health in Human Skeletal Muscle Microtissues
09:30

Assessing Functional Metrics of Skeletal Muscle Health in Human Skeletal Muscle Microtissues

Published on: February 18, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Magnetobiology

Background:

  • Myotubes are muscle fibers crucial for muscle function.
  • Understanding cellular responses to magnetic fields is important for potential applications.
  • Previous research has explored magnetic field effects on cells, but myotube orientation remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of strong static magnetic fields (SMF) on the orientation of C2C12 myotubes.
  • To determine the magnetic field parameters (flux density and gradient) that influence myotube alignment.
  • To assess if SMF affects myogenic differentiation or cell proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • C2C12 myoblasts were cultured and induced to undergo myogenic differentiation.
  • Cells were exposed to strong static magnetic fields ranging from 0-10 T with gradients up to 41.7 T/m.
  • Myotube orientation, differentiation, and cell number were analyzed under varying magnetic field conditions.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to 10 T SMF significantly promoted the formation of oriented myotubes.
  • High magnetic field gradients and high magnetic flux density-gradient products correlated with increased myotube orientation over time.
  • No significant effects of SMF were observed on myogenic differentiation or cell number.

Conclusions:

  • Strong static magnetic fields can induce myotube orientation in a dose-dependent manner.
  • Specific magnetic field parameters, particularly high gradients, are key to achieving myotube alignment.
  • This study is the first to demonstrate SMF-induced myotube self-organization without adverse effects on cell proliferation or differentiation.