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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

Published on: February 20, 2016

Gas-phase detonation propagation in mixture composition gradients.

D A Kessler¹, V N Gamezo, E S Oran

¹Laboratory for Computational Physics and Fluid Dynamics, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA. dakessle@lcp.nrl.navy.mil

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences

|January 4, 2012

Summary

Detonations in varying fuel-air mixtures show complex behavior. Mixture gradients affect detonation cell size and can lead to quenching in high-activation energy scenarios.

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Published on: February 19, 2018

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

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Published on: February 20, 2016

Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer

Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer

Published on: February 19, 2018

Area of Science:

Combustion science
Chemical engineering
Fluid dynamics

Background:

Detonations are critical phenomena in various combustion processes.
Understanding detonation propagation in non-uniform mixtures is vital for safety and efficiency.
Spatially varying fuel concentrations present complex challenges to detonation dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To numerically investigate detonation propagation in fuel-air mixtures with spatial composition gradients.
To analyze the impact of mixture gradients on detonation structure and cell formation.
To explore detonation behavior in both low- and high-activation energy regimes.

Main Methods:

Numerical simulations in two-dimensional channels.
Utilizing a two-component, single-step reaction model.
Calibrating the model to match one-dimensional detonation properties of hydrocarbon-air mixtures.

Main Results:

Complex reaction zone structures observed, including curved detonations and decoupled shocks.
Detonation cell sizes vary across the channel, influenced by stoichiometry.
In high-activation energy mixtures, increased gradients slow or quench detonations.

Conclusions:

Mixture gradients significantly alter detonation propagation and cell morphology.
Channel size relative to detonation cell size can mitigate gradient effects.
Detonation quenching is a possibility in strongly non-uniform, high-activation energy mixtures.