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Related Concept Videos

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Identification and Characterization of Metastatic Factors by Gene Transfer into the Novel RIP-Tag; RIP-tva Murine Model
09:03

Identification and Characterization of Metastatic Factors by Gene Transfer into the Novel RIP-Tag; RIP-tva Murine Model

Published on: October 16, 2017

Rapalogs in viral cancers.

Dirk P Dittmer, Aadra P Bhatt, Blossom Damania

    Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
    |January 5, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    150 clinical trials are exploring PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors for cancer treatment. Viral cancers show high sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors like rapamycin, suggesting targeted therapy potential.

    More Related Videos

    Visualizing Genetic Variants, Short Targets, and Point Mutations in the Morphological Tissue Context with an RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay
    10:57

    Visualizing Genetic Variants, Short Targets, and Point Mutations in the Morphological Tissue Context with an RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay

    Published on: August 14, 2018

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 26, 2026

    Identification and Characterization of Metastatic Factors by Gene Transfer into the Novel RIP-Tag; RIP-tva Murine Model
    09:03

    Identification and Characterization of Metastatic Factors by Gene Transfer into the Novel RIP-Tag; RIP-tva Murine Model

    Published on: October 16, 2017

    Visualizing Genetic Variants, Short Targets, and Point Mutations in the Morphological Tissue Context with an RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay
    10:57

    Visualizing Genetic Variants, Short Targets, and Point Mutations in the Morphological Tissue Context with an RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay

    Published on: August 14, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a key regulator of cell growth and survival, frequently dysregulated in cancer.
    • 150 clinical trials are investigating PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors for various cancers.
    • Sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors varies significantly across different cancer types and preclinical models.

    Discussion:

    • Viral cancers exhibit a high dependence on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, making them particularly sensitive to mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin.
    • Understanding the molecular characteristics of viral cancers is crucial for optimizing mTOR inhibitor therapy.
    • Current research focuses on identifying specific molecular signatures that predict response to mTOR inhibition.

    Key Insights:

    • Viral malignancies are identified as a particularly sensitive subset of cancers to mTOR inhibitors.
    • Rapamycin and other mTOR inhibitors demonstrate promising efficacy in preclinical models of viral cancers.
    • Tumor type, not solely drug action, dictates the efficacy of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors.

    Outlook:

    • Future research should focus on tailoring mTOR inhibitor selection based on the molecular profile of viral cancers.
    • Development of novel mTOR inhibitors may enhance treatment outcomes for virus-associated malignancies.
    • Clinical trials investigating mTOR inhibitors in viral cancers are expected to yield significant therapeutic insights.