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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those diagnosed.

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Published on: August 14, 2015

Gamma oscillation in schizophrenia.

Yong-Wook Shin¹, Brian F O'Donnell, Soyoung Youn

¹Department of Psychiatry, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Psychiatry Investigation

|January 5, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia involves dysfunctional neural circuits affecting perception and cognition. This review explores gamma oscillations, their neural basis, and GABAergic deficits linked to gamma-range impairments in schizophrenia patients.

Keywords:

GABAergic interneurons Gamma oscillations Schizophrenia Steady state response

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

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Published on: August 14, 2015

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

Recording Spatially Restricted Oscillations in the Hippocampus of Behaving Mice

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Published on: July 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Cognitive Science

Background:

Schizophrenia is linked to dysfunctional neural circuitry impacting perception and cognition.
Gamma oscillations are crucial for neural information integration and cognitive functions.
Abnormalities in gamma oscillations are implicated in schizophrenia's perceptual and cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the neural basis of gamma oscillations.
To examine the role of the GABAergic interneuronal system in schizophrenia-related gamma deficits.
To synthesize findings on gamma activity in sensory and cognitive processes across species and in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on gamma oscillations.
Analysis of research on the GABAergic system in schizophrenia.
Synthesis of data from animal, healthy human, and schizophrenia patient studies.

Main Results:

Gamma oscillations are fundamental to neural circuit function and cognitive processes.
Deficits in the GABAergic interneuronal system are a key factor in schizophrenia-associated gamma-range impairments.
Altered gamma activity is observed in sensory and cognitive functions like attention and working memory in schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

Dysfunctional GABAergic interneurons disrupt gamma oscillations, contributing to schizophrenia.
Understanding gamma oscillation abnormalities is vital for schizophrenia research.
Gamma activity deficits provide insights into schizophrenia's perceptual and cognitive disturbances.