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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

Periodic active case finding for TB: when to look?

Peter J Dodd1, Richard G White, Elizabeth L Corbett

  • 1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. peter.dodd@lshtm.ac.uk

Plos One
|January 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Periodic active case finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) can improve disease control and reduce healthcare costs in high-burden areas. Optimizing ACF strategies, like shorter intervals and higher detection rates, enhances cost-effectiveness and case discovery.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in high-burden settings.
  • Active case finding (ACF) strategies are crucial for TB control, but their performance and cost-efficacy require thorough investigation.
  • The integration of HIV status into TB dynamics modeling is essential for understanding intervention outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the factors influencing the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of periodic active case finding (PACF) for TB.
  • To determine the conditions under which PACF can lead to improved TB control and reduced healthcare expenditures.

Main Methods:

  • A mathematical model simulating TB dynamics and PACF in the context of HIV was developed.
  • The model assumed constant prevalence of latent TB infection and analyzed outcomes based on baseline TB incidence, PACF interval, and case-detection rates (differentiating HIV-infected and uninfected individuals).

Main Results:

  • Periodic ACF can be cost-saving within a decade if the cost per round is below a threshold linked to initial incidence and treatment costs.
  • Case detection and cost-effectiveness are enhanced by higher baseline incidence, shorter PACF intervals, more potent ACF strategies, and a higher ratio of detected HIV-negative to HIV-positive TB cases.
  • More expensive screening methods can be cost-effective if they achieve higher PACF case detection or are implemented less frequently.

Conclusions:

  • Periodic ACF offers a dual benefit of improved TB control and medium-term healthcare cost savings in high-burden settings.
  • The cost of intensive PACF (e.g., yearly) can be offset by increased cases averted in populations with high TB incidence, a higher prevalence of HIV-uninfected cases, higher treatment costs, and effective routine case detection.
  • Less intensive PACF approaches can still be cost-neutral or cost-saving in populations lacking these key determinants.