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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Updated: May 26, 2026

In Vitro Growth of Mouse Preantral Follicles Under Simulated Microgravity

In Vitro Growth of Mouse Preantral Follicles Under Simulated Microgravity

Published on: December 17, 2017

Effects of simulated microgravity on embryonic stem cells.

Yulan Wang¹, Lili An, Yuanda Jiang

¹National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

|January 5, 2012

Summary

Simulated microgravity (SMG) significantly reduces mouse embryonic stem cell numbers by decreasing adhesion and increasing apoptosis, while delaying DNA repair. These effects are distinct from other cell types.

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Area of Science:

Space Biology
Stem Cell Biology
Cellular Physiology

Background:

Previous research explored simulated microgravity (SMG) effects on differentiated and adult stem cells.
A systematic investigation into SMG's impact on embryonic stem (ES) cells was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically investigate the effects of SMG on mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells.
To analyze cellular events including proliferation, cell cycle, differentiation, adhesion, apoptosis, and DNA repair.

Main Methods:

Culturing mES cells under SMG and 1g conditions.
Assessing cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, differentiation markers, adhesion rates, apoptosis levels, and DNA damage/repair.
Comparing cellular responses between SMG and 1g environments.

Main Results:

SMG significantly reduced total mES cell numbers compared to 1g.
Cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution showed no significant differences between SMG and 1g.
Lower cell adhesion rates in SMG contributed to reduced cell numbers.
SMG did not induce DNA damage but impaired the repair of radiation-induced DNA lesions.
Increased apoptosis and delayed DNA repair progression were observed under SMG.

Conclusions:

mES cells exhibit sensitivity to SMG.
Key alterations include reduced cell number, decreased adhesion, increased apoptosis, and delayed DNA repair.
The cellular response of mES cells to SMG is distinct from that of other cell types.