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Gene flow in genetically modified wheat.

Silvan Rieben1, Olena Kalinina, Bernhard Schmid

  • 1Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. silvan.rieben@gmail.com

Plos One
|January 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene flow in genetically modified (GM) wheat is influenced by transgenes. Studies show GM wheat lines can increase outcrossing rates within fields, suggesting potential risks from seed contamination.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Genetics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Understanding gene flow in genetically modified (GM) crops is crucial for risk assessment and coexistence strategies.
  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is predominantly self-pollinating, but cross-pollination can occur.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess differences in cross-pollination rates between GM and non-GM wheat lines.
  • To evaluate the impact of transgenes on outcrossing rates and gene flow distances.

Main Methods:

  • Two field experiments were conducted using phytometers and population-level PCR analysis.
  • Experiment 1: Phytometers of one line planted within stands of another to measure within-field outcrossing.
  • Experiment 2: Assessed outcrossing rates over distances of 0.5-2.5 m from pollen donors to recipients.

Main Results:

  • Overall outcrossing rate in the first experiment was 3.4%.
  • GM wheat lines containing the Pm3b transgene showed a six-fold higher likelihood of producing outcrossed offspring compared to non-GM controls.
  • Outcrossing rates declined significantly with distance, from 0.7% at 0.5 m to 0.03% at 2.5 m.

Conclusions:

  • Pollen-mediated gene flow in wheat is primarily a concern within fields, potentially linked to seed contamination.
  • The phytometer approach is effective for assessing crop outcrossing rates.
  • Transgene insertion events can influence outcrossing rates, necessitating case-by-case evaluation.