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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts
09:52

Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts

Published on: November 7, 2019

Digoxin therapy: textbooks, theory and practice.

J K Aronson1, D G Grahame-Smith

  • 1MRC Unit and University Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HE.

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|January 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review analyzes digoxin therapy recommendations, identifying limitations with high bioavailability tablets and insufficient data. New guidelines based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles are proposed for optimal digoxin dosing.

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Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine
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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

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Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine
10:05

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Published on: July 7, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Existing digoxin therapy recommendations vary across 25 sources.
  • Some guidelines may not be suitable for modern high bioavailability digoxin formulations.
  • Insufficient data exists regarding factors influencing digoxin response and disposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review current digoxin therapy recommendations.
  • To identify limitations in existing guidelines, particularly concerning bioavailability and influencing factors.
  • To propose evidence-based guidelines for optimizing digoxin treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 25 sources providing digoxin therapy recommendations.
  • Analysis of recommendations for suitability with high bioavailability tablets.
  • Evaluation of data supporting factors affecting digoxin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Main Results:

  • Identified several recommendations unsuitable for high bioavailability digoxin tablets.
  • Found insufficient data accompanying many recommendations regarding patient-specific factors.
  • Highlighted the need for guidelines grounded in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles.

Conclusions:

  • Current digoxin therapy guidelines require refinement.
  • Optimized digoxin treatment schedules necessitate consideration of bioavailability and individual patient factors.
  • Proposed guidelines based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles can improve digoxin therapy.